Cartels’ Influence: Border Security Challenges and Justice System Strains in Mexico

The influence of Mexican drug cartels extends beyond the crime world, posing serious challenges to U.S. border security and the judicial independence of Mexico.

At a Glance

Judge election reforms in Mexico could increase cartel influence over the judiciary.
U.S. border security is strained by cartel control over migrant movements.
Cartels exert more control than Mexican federal agencies in certain regions.
Bilateral cooperation is crucial for addressing these transnational threats.

Judicial Reforms Raise Concerns

Mexico’s Senate recently passed a judicial reform that allows judges to be elected by popular vote, a move that has sparked controversy and protests. Critics argue this reform undermines checks and balances, potentially strengthening the Morena party’s power and compromising judicial independence. The reform is seen as a victory for President López Obrador, who has had conflicts with the Supreme Court.

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy4y9q74j2ko

The measure includes provisions for “faceless” judges in organized crime cases, raising concerns about fair trials. U.S. Ambassador Ken Salazar expressed worries about the impact on Mexico’s democracy and judicial independence.

Mexico faces multiple challenges—from corruption to cartel violence to drug trafficking—that intersect with and amplify each other. But is there anything US policy can do to help Mexico's government address these problems? https://t.co/f9VQ60b3kT

— Modern War Institute (@WarInstitute) November 8, 2024

Border Security Complications

Migrants attempting to enter Mexico from Guatemala frequently fall under the control of drug cartels. One method of dominance involves housing migrants in what is known as “chicken coops” until ransom payments are made. These cartels control more of the migrant flow than Mexican federal agents or National Guardsmen.

“It’s them (the cartel) that says who passes and who doesn’t,” according to Rev. Heyman Vázquez, highlighting the power of cartels over migration.

The presence of cartels impedes organizations trying to aid migrants and reports of violence against aid workers have surfaced. Cartels also extort migrants, affecting their ability to attend CBP One appointments, which are necessary for legal migration into the U.S.

Broader Implications for U.S. and Mexico

The recent amendment in Mexico’s constitution could enable cartels to extend their influence via judicial elections by financing and voter intimidation. Critics argue this amendment consolidates power, removing meritocracy by allowing anyone with a law degree to run for a judgeship.

As the cartels solidify their control, U.S. efforts to curb drug and human trafficking face increasing challenges. Migrants are returned to the south by the Mexican government under President Claudia Sheinbaum, exposing them to heightened risks of exploitation by cartels.

Mexico faces multiple challenges—from corruption to cartel violence to drug trafficking—that intersect with and amplify each other. But is there anything US policy can do to help Mexico's government address these problems? https://t.co/f9VQ60b3kT

— Modern War Institute (@WarInstitute) November 8, 2024